{"id":53,"date":"2024-07-19T16:10:44","date_gmt":"2024-07-19T14:10:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pv-engineering.de\/?page_id=53"},"modified":"2025-10-14T17:05:07","modified_gmt":"2025-10-14T15:05:07","slug":"faq","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/pv-engineering.de\/en\/faq\/","title":{"rendered":"FAQ \u2013 Frequently Asked Questions"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"53\" class=\"elementor elementor-53\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2688e8a1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2688e8a1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20f713ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"20f713ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71673531 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"71673531\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We\u2019ve collected the most common questions from our users <br \/>Here you\u2019ll find the answers to the most common questions.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cc91a7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7cc91a7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5a88d1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b5a88d1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e3cc12 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5e3cc12\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Can the PVPM1540X also be used for measurements on bifacial PV modules?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad027e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ad027e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"661\" data-end=\"1025\" class=\"translation-block\">Yes, the <strong>PVPM1540X<\/strong> has been specifically designed for the <strong>precise measurement of high-efficiency and bifacial PV modules<\/strong>.\nThanks to its modern electronics and high current capability, the device is ideally suited for modules with <strong>large short-circuit currents and capacitive characteristics<\/strong>, which are common in bifacial technologies.<\/p><p data-start=\"1027\" data-end=\"1459\" class=\"translation-block\">For a complete evaluation of bifacial modules, the <strong>PVPM1540X<\/strong> supports the <strong>measurement of irradiance on both the front and rear sides<\/strong>.\nUp to <strong>three PV reference cells<\/strong> can be connected, with their signals processed by the device and displayed in real time.<\/p><p data-start=\"1027\" data-end=\"1459\" class=\"translation-block\">In combination with the <strong>Curvealyzer<\/strong> software, the measurement data can be graphically analyzed, processed, and documented \u2013 including automatic report generation.<\/p><p data-start=\"1717\" data-end=\"1908\" class=\"translation-block\">With the <strong>PVPM1540X<\/strong>, the <strong>actual performance of bifacial PV modules can be determined precisely and reproducibly<\/strong>, both in the laboratory and under real outdoor conditions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a978c58 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a978c58\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af00eb7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"af00eb7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24b7e64 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"24b7e64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How often should a PV measurement device be checked and calibrated?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9a1b702 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9a1b702\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"265\" data-end=\"712\" class=\"translation-block\">The frequency of calibration of a PV measurement device is generally at the user\u2019s discretion and depends on the operating conditions, level of use, and internal quality requirements.\nAccording to the relevant standards for photovoltaic measurements \u2013 for example, <strong>DIN EN 60904-1<\/strong> (equivalent to IEC 60904-1) and <strong>DIN EN 60891<\/strong> \u2013 an <strong>annual calibration interval<\/strong> is considered appropriate and practical.<\/p><p data-start=\"714\" data-end=\"987\" class=\"translation-block\">For this reason, we recommend <strong>an inspection and calibration once per year<\/strong>.\nThis service can be ordered directly from <strong>PVe<\/strong> and includes, in addition to standard-compliant calibration, a <strong>functional test, safety inspection, and measurement verification<\/strong>.<\/p><p data-start=\"989\" data-end=\"1054\">This ensures that your device remains fully operational, accurate, and safe at all times.<\/p><hr data-start=\"1056\" data-end=\"1059\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2dfd06e6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"2dfd06e6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6dda424b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6dda424b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51013f17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"51013f17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What does the annual inspection of a PVPM measurement device at PVe include?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c52ee32 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3c52ee32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"446\" data-end=\"751\" class=\"translation-block\">For long-term measurement accuracy and operational safety, <strong>PVe<\/strong> recommends having each PVPM device undergo a comprehensive <strong>annual inspection by the manufacturer<\/strong>.\nThis inspection ensures the standard-compliant performance of all measurement, safety, and system components.<\/p><p data-start=\"753\" data-end=\"851\" class=\"translation-block\">As part of the annual inspection, the <strong>entire measurement system<\/strong> is carefully checked. This includes:<\/p><ul data-start=\"853\" data-end=\"1389\"><li data-start=\"853\" data-end=\"909\"><p data-start=\"855\" data-end=\"909\" class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Visual and functional inspection<\/strong> of the main PVPM device<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"910\" data-end=\"1015\"><p data-start=\"912\" data-end=\"1015\" class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Inspection and testing of all accessories<\/strong> such as measurement cables, sensors, adapters, and connectors<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1016\" data-end=\"1103\"><p data-start=\"1018\" data-end=\"1103\"><strong data-start=\"1018\" data-end=\"1055\"><strong>Recalibration of measurement inputs<\/strong><\/strong><\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1104\" data-end=\"1175\"><p data-start=\"1106\" data-end=\"1175\" class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Electrical safety test<\/strong> in accordance with the applicable regulations<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1176\" data-end=\"1265\"><p data-start=\"1178\" data-end=\"1265\" class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Issuance of a calibration certificate<\/strong> with documented measurement values and test report<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1266\" data-end=\"1335\"><p data-start=\"1268\" data-end=\"1335\" class=\"translation-block\"><strong>Firmware update<\/strong> to the latest version (if required)<\/p><\/li><li data-start=\"1336\" data-end=\"1389\"><p data-start=\"1338\" data-end=\"1389\"><strong data-start=\"1338\" data-end=\"1387\"><strong>Cleaning and inspection of control surfaces<\/strong><\/strong><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p data-start=\"1391\" data-end=\"1616\" class=\"translation-block\">The annual inspection can be ordered directly from <strong>PVe<\/strong>.\nIt ensures that the PVPM device continues to perform <strong>precise I-V curve measurements up to 1500 V<\/strong> and that all safety functions operate correctly.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22299d2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"22299d2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9170c4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f9170c4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-816482b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"816482b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How often should an irradiance sensor or reference cell be checked and calibrated?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cc57e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7cc57e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"594\" data-end=\"1033\" class=\"translation-block\">For irradiance sensors and PV reference cells, the appropriate calibration interval depends on the operating conditions, environmental influences, and the user\u2019s quality requirements.\nFor precise and reproducible measurement results, the relevant standards \u2013 in particular <strong>DIN EN 60904-2<\/strong> (equivalent to <strong>IEC 60904-2<\/strong>) \u2013 recommend a <strong>regular verification and calibration approximately once per year<\/strong>.<\/p><p data-start=\"1035\" data-end=\"1450\" class=\"translation-block\"><strong>PVe<\/strong> therefore recommends having <strong>reference cells and irradiance sensors calibrated once a year<\/strong> to prevent measurement deviations caused by aging or contamination of the sensor surface.\nCalibration can be carried out directly by <strong>PVe<\/strong> and also includes a visual and functional inspection.<\/p><p data-start=\"265\" data-end=\"712\">\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-416da23 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"416da23\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87184b7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"87184b7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ab9b3b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1ab9b3b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How should a PVPM device be properly packaged for shipping?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ea85a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8ea85a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"400\" data-end=\"606\" class=\"translation-block\">For safe transport, we recommend keeping and reusing the <strong>original PVe shipping packaging<\/strong>. It is perfectly matched to the device and provides optimal protection.<\/p><p data-start=\"608\" data-end=\"1009\" class=\"translation-block\">Since sustainability is important to us, we use <strong>recyclable cardboard packaging<\/strong> that is stable, durable, and reusable.\nIf the original packaging is no longer available, please use a <strong>sufficiently large box<\/strong> and secure the device with <strong>at least 5 cm of cushioning material<\/strong> on all sides.\nThe device must <strong>not be shipped loosely<\/strong> or <strong>only in the transport case with a shipping label attached<\/strong>.<\/p><p data-start=\"1011\" data-end=\"1162\" class=\"translation-block\">For frequent transport, we also offer <strong>robust PVe transport cases<\/strong> \u2013 durable, stable, and ideal for worldwide use.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d494f34 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d494f34\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9206040 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9206040\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a1cbc3c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a1cbc3c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default translation-block\">I would like to learn more about the background of I-V curve measurement. <br>Are there any publications available on this topic?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c3cc8d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c3cc8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"translation-block\">There is a wealth of information available on this topic. We would like to recommend the book <span style=\"color: #ff5200\"><a style=\"color: #ff5200\" href=\"http:\/\/www.pv-engineering-handbuch.de\" target=\"_self\">Photovoltaic Engineering \u2013 Handbook for Planning, Development and Application<\/a><\/span> by Prof. Andreas Wagner. Also very informative is the book \u201cSimulation of Shading Losses in Solar Electric Systems\u201d by Prof. Dr. Volker Quaschning. More details about this book can be found <span style=\"color: #ff5200\"><a style=\"color: #ff5200\" href=\"https:\/\/www.volker-quaschning.de\/publis\/schatt\/index.php\" target=\"_self\">here<\/a><\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dee9edd e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"dee9edd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e43291 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4e43291\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9b13a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b9b13a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How does the import and export process work for service or repairs of a PVPM device?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a1a593 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6a1a593\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"382\" data-end=\"632\" class=\"translation-block\">Shipping a PVPM device for repair is easier than you might think.\n<strong>PVe<\/strong> has many years of experience in international shipping and is happy to assist you with the <strong>import\/export process<\/strong>.<\/p><p data-start=\"634\" data-end=\"855\" class=\"translation-block\">To ensure a smooth process, we kindly ask you to <strong>coordinate and register any return shipments with us in advance<\/strong>.\nThis allows us to prepare all customs and shipping documents correctly and ensure fast processing.<\/p><p data-start=\"857\" data-end=\"1043\" class=\"translation-block\">For customers within the <strong>EU<\/strong> and also <strong>worldwide<\/strong>, our <strong>authorized PVe partners<\/strong> are available to assist with shipping, handling, and on-site service.<\/p><p data-start=\"1045\" data-end=\"1155\">This keeps the entire repair process simple, safe, and efficient \u2013 no matter where you send your device from.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a8df191 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a8df191\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-445d9ed e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"445d9ed\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ce4041 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5ce4041\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The measurement cables of PVPM devices always consist of multiple conductors. Why is that?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba25689 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ba25689\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>PVPM devices measure both voltage and current at the solar generator. When current flows through a measurement cable, part of the voltage drops due to the cable\u2019s resistance. This would always result in a voltage reading that is too low. To avoid this, a so-called four-wire cable is used: one pair of conductors carries the current, while the second pair measures the voltage. Since almost no current flows through the measuring pair, the voltage remains unchanged \u2013 ensuring the high precision required.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-460c4f6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"460c4f6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09c28e0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"09c28e0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1482008 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1482008\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The devices of the PVPM series are quite large. Can\u2019t they be made smaller?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4784407 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4784407\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We have compelling reasons not to reduce the size: the critical factor here is measurement speed. With a capacitive load, the relationship is clear: the smaller the device, the faster the measurement. However, the faster the measurement, the more errors occur, as capacitive and inductive effects from the PV generator and cabling distort the actual results. For us, the quality and precision of the measurement are far more important than housing size. That\u2019s why PVPM devices are built in the proven format.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f49492d e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f49492d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1dc236a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1dc236a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-760aab9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"760aab9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default translation-block\">The devices of the PVPM series come with a reference sensor and connection cable. <br>Wouldn\u2019t wireless data transmission be more practical?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a6839dc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a6839dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A wireless connection of the reference sensor would indeed be easier for the user. However, it also has a major drawback: wireless transmission requires a protocol that takes time. Since solar irradiance can change significantly within milliseconds, precise I-V curve measurement demands that irradiance is captured exactly at the same moment as the curve. For this time-critical measurement, a cable connection is essential to guarantee accuracy. In addition, a cable link can be an advantage in certain situations \u2013 for example, when no reliable wireless connection is possible due to distance or shielding conditions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-299b949 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"299b949\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e75d911 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e75d911\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-183c23a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"183c23a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Does PVe also offer the rental of PVPM measurement devices?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bbd7ac8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bbd7ac8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p data-start=\"557\" data-end=\"742\" class=\"translation-block\">Yes, <strong>PVe<\/strong> offers the <strong>rental of PVPM measurement devices<\/strong> \u2013 ideal for customers who need a device temporarily or wish to carry out specific measurement tasks.<\/p><p data-start=\"744\" data-end=\"978\" class=\"translation-block\">Many providers avoid offering rental devices because they must be regularly tested and calibrated.\n<strong>PVe<\/strong> deliberately takes on this effort to always provide <strong>professionally maintained and ready-to-use equipment<\/strong>.<\/p><p data-start=\"980\" data-end=\"1193\" class=\"translation-block\">All rental devices are <strong>fully inspected, calibrated (if required), and functionally tested<\/strong> before each rental period.\nA special advantage: <strong>rental fees can be credited toward the purchase of a new device<\/strong> at a later date.<\/p><p data-start=\"1195\" data-end=\"1278\">So bleibt Ihr Projekt flexibel, wirtschaftlich und technisch auf h\u00f6chstem Niveau.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b1b548 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"4b1b548\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e557da1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e557da1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b3aab3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5b3aab3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Can I connect other reference sensors to the PVPM devices?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7db4387 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7db4387\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>You can connect any irradiance sensor to the PVPM that delivers a voltage proportional to irradiance: 0 mV at 0 W\/m\u00b2 and between 10\u2013100 mV at 1000 W\/m\u00b2. The connector on the PVPM is a standard component \u2013 you can request the exact designation and pin assignment from us. This flexibility is especially important when measuring modules that are not based on mono- or polycrystalline cells. According to EN 60904, the reference sensor must have the same spectral characteristics as the module under test \u2013 meaning you need a matching sensor. For all common technologies, suitable reference sensors are available and can be connected to the PVPM.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef45669 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ef45669\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-faacc06 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"faacc06\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61a0d1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"61a0d1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Are additional devices required for measurements with the PVPM?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db6e07e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"db6e07e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>No, PVPM devices work completely independently. Everything you need is already included: the measuring device with its own battery, the reference sensor, connection cables, and the safety load disconnector. With power supply, computer, and graphic display integrated, you are ready to work on site right out of the box.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b564490 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b564490\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83cfdc0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"83cfdc0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56efc0b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"56efc0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is the benefit of knowing the Rs (series resistance) value?<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dbcc25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5dbcc25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The series resistance Rs is an indicator of the quality of the PV generator\u2019s cabling. Issues such as connector corrosion, cable damage, or undersized wiring will increase Rs beyond the expected value for the module. Since manufacturers usually do not specify Rs, you can calculate it with the PVPM.disp software included with every PVPM device. If the measured Rs is higher than the calculated value, the cabling should be checked for faults.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e5e3e5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6e5e3e5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>H\u00e4ufig gestellte Fragen Wir haben die Fragen unserer Anwender gesammelt. Hier finden Sie die Antworten auf die h\u00e4ufigsten Nachfragen.\u00a0 Kann der PVPM1540X auch f\u00fcr Messungen an bifazialen PV-Modulen verwendet werden? Ja, der PVPM1540X wurde speziell f\u00fcr die pr\u00e4zise Messung von hocheffizienten und bifazialen PV-Modulen entwickelt.Durch seine moderne Elektronik und die hohe Strombelastbarkeit eignet sich das [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3673,"parent":0,"menu_order":8,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-53","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>FAQ Die h\u00e4ufigsten Fragen | PV Tester | PV-Engineering<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Alles Wichtige zu Anwendung, Kalibrierung und Pr\u00fcfung von PV Testern und I-U-Kennlinienmessger\u00e4ten \u2013 praxisnah erkl\u00e4rt von PV-Engineering.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/pv-engineering.de\/en\/faq\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"FAQ Die h\u00e4ufigsten Fragen | PV Tester | PV-Engineering\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Alles Wichtige zu Anwendung, Kalibrierung und Pr\u00fcfung von PV Testern und I-U-Kennlinienmessger\u00e4ten \u2013 praxisnah erkl\u00e4rt von PV-Engineering.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/pv-engineering.de\/en\/faq\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"PV-Engineering\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-10-14T15:05:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/pv-engineering.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/PVE_Geschaeftsfuehrung_02.webp\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1080\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1080\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/webp\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pv-engineering.de\\\/faq\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pv-engineering.de\\\/faq\\\/\",\"name\":\"FAQ Die h\u00e4ufigsten Fragen | PV Tester | PV-Engineering\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pv-engineering.de\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pv-engineering.de\\\/faq\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pv-engineering.de\\\/faq\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pv-engineering.de\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/PVE_Geschaeftsfuehrung_02.webp\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-07-19T14:10:44+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-10-14T15:05:07+00:00\",\"description\":\"Alles Wichtige zu Anwendung, Kalibrierung und Pr\u00fcfung von PV Testern und I-U-Kennlinienmessger\u00e4ten \u2013 praxisnah erkl\u00e4rt von PV-Engineering.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pv-engineering.de\\\/faq\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/pv-engineering.de\\\/faq\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pv-engineering.de\\\/faq\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pv-engineering.de\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/PVE_Geschaeftsfuehrung_02.webp\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/pv-engineering.de\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/10\\\/PVE_Geschaeftsfuehrung_02.webp\",\"width\":1080,\"height\":1080,\"caption\":\"PV Engineering Christof Schulte und Klaus M. 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